Seawater
desalination has been proved to be an efficient way to alleviate the global
water crisis. Among major desalination technologies, membrane separation seems
to be the most applicable and economic method because of its high efficiency,
small footprint, energy saving, easily scales up etc.
Currently, membrane
researchers focus on developing better reverse osmosis (RO) and membrane
distillation (MD) membranes. RO is the dominate technology for membrane
desalination.
However, it is
difficult to treat high concentrated salt water due to the extremely high
osmosis pressure. In a MD process, the driving force lies in the difference of
the water vapor pressures between the membranes feed and permeate sides.
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