Due to a widespread of
industrial activities, an extraordinary number of contaminants are released
into the environment. That can pollute soil, air, and water, as well as cause
deforestation, biodiversity losses, soil degradation and harm to human health.
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| Nanoparticles |
For example, when
pollutants are released into aquatic ecosystems, direct (toxic) effects on
aquatic biota are possible, as well as, indirect effects in ecological
communities by complex relationships (i.e. through entering food chain). Many
of these pollutants are known or suspected as carcinogens, mutagens and may
alter ecosystem function. Therefore, a variety of environmental treatment
techniques have been designed, using bioremediation, phytoremediation, physical
and chemical remediation and so on.
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