Seawater
desalination has been proved to be an efficient way to alleviate the global
water crisis. Among major
desalination technologies, membrane separation seems to be the most applicable
and economic method because of its high efficiency, small footprint, energy
saving, easily scales up etc.
Currently,
membrane researchers focus on developing better reverse osmosis (RO) and
membrane distillation (MD) membranes. RO is the dominate technology for
membrane desalination.
However, it is
difficult to treat high concentrated salt water due to the extremely high
osmosis pressure. In a MD process, the driving force lies in the difference of
the water vapor pressures between the membrane feed and permeate sides.
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