Electronic Transport and Anisotropic Conductivity Behavior on PEDOT:PSS Nanoribbons and Nanostructuring Modification by Atomic Force Microscope Nanoshaving

Nanoribbons of organic semiconductor salts, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT-PSS), were deposited on silicon dioxide (SiO2) by the electrospinning technique.

It is possible to “shave” or mechanically displace small regions of the polymer nanoribbon by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanolithography techniques such as nanoshaving, leaving swaths of the surface cut to the depth of thickness of the nanoribbon.

By placing the nanoribbon between two electrode pads with a 10 μm gap, for the first time was performed nanoshaving on the nanoribbon by removing portions of PEDOT-PSS and simultaneously in-situ transport measurement properties of the nanoribbons’ dependence on the remaining cross section, showed evidence of anisotropic nature of the conductivity of PEDOT-PSS nanoribbons.

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Nanoparticles Restrictions in Environmental Cleanup

Environmental contamination with a variety and mixed pollutants are a problematic issue worldwide. If the contaminated sites are left without any satisfactory remediation, it leads to the successive threaten of ecosystems, then human life.

So, applications of nanotechnology in environmental remediation are encouraged because of the novel properties (e.g. special structure, very large surface area and greater reactivity), whereas, ‘‘Nano’’ may be more than just ‘‘small’’.

Also, environmental nanotechnology restraint is due to lack of full understanding characterization, fate and transport of such ultrafine materials in the environment. The objective of this work is to point major challenges facing environmental nanoscience and urges developing eco-friendly techniques to ensure good quality of life.

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Dependence of Biofuel Bio-refineries on Polymer Applications: The Outlook of Profitable Biofuel Opportunities

The strategies for production and processing of Bio-based nonpetroleum fuels from a variety of biomass are actively exploited in the recent years. Bio-polymers likecellulose, starch, xylan, pectin etc. are renewables obtained from plants, algae and other biological sources that are being exploited for variety of applications in biofuels.

Technologies for biological/chemical processing of these polysaccharides to form fuels, platform chemicals and other value added byproducts to enhance process profitability can be the next breakthrough in biofuel commercialization. In the early stages of biofuel revolution, plant polymers were promising targets for alcoholic fuel production. Difficulties prevailed with lignin processing were overcome by third generation algal biomass and customized biopolymer production through algae attained global interest. Read more>>>>>>>

Tubular Membrane Module-The Suitable Configuration for Pervaporation Desalination Membrane

Seawater desalination has been proved to be an efficient way to alleviate the global water crisis. Among major desalination technologies, membrane separation seems to be the most applicable and economic method because of its high efficiency, small footprint, energy saving, easily scales up etc.

Currently, membrane researchers focus on developing better reverse osmosis (RO) and membrane distillation (MD) membranes. RO is the dominate technology for membrane desalination.

However, it is difficult to treat high concentrated salt water due to the extremely high osmosis pressure. In a MD process, the driving force lies in the difference of the water vapor pressures between the membrane feed and permeate sides.

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pH-Sensitive Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Is this a Real Innovation in Nanomedicine?

In past decades, nanomedicine made impressive progress from basic science to clinical application. The goal of nanoparticles in nanomedicine is to develop systemscapable of carrying, releasing and delivering their payload drugs in an efficient manner to target tissues.

Nanomedicine

Despite the important advances in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, these technological translations for new pharmaceutical products did not meet the expectations of the scientific community. The gap between the promising in vivo pre-clinical results and the outcome of clinical trials was not closed, and this continues to challenge researchers worldwide. As described previously in 2012 nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 30 nm to 200 nm can be specifically taken up by tumor tissues. This is a classical phenomenon, well known as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Read more>>>>>>

Semi-synthesis of Chitosan with High Molecular Weight and Enhanced Deacetylation Degree

Chitosan is a cationic polymer with different biomedical, biotechnological, environmental, industrial and agricultural applications. Various methods were suggested to preparechitosan from its natural ancestor polymer, chitin, but the controlling of the molecular weight and degree of deacetylation of the resulting polymer was a problem where there is an inverse relationship between them.

Chitosan

This study aimed at modifying the sequence of deacetylation process in combination with number of cooling/heating cycles for chitin to produce chitosans with high molecular weight as well as enhanced deacetylation. The produced chitosans were tested for their molecular weights, chemical structure, deacetylation degrees, antioxidant properties and purity. With the proposed modification of polymer deacetylation, different chitosans of different degrees of deacetylation but similar molecular weights were prepared. This may represent a more economical method for the production as well as applications of different types of chitosan. Read more>>>>>>

Tubular Membrane Module-The Suitable Configuration for Pervaporation Desalination Membrane

Seawater desalination has been proved to be an efficient way to alleviate the global water crisis. Among major desalination technologies, membrane separation seems to be the mostapplicable and economic method because of its high efficiency, small footprint, energy saving, easily scales up etc.

Tubular Membrane Module

Currently, membrane researchers focus on developing better reverse osmosis (RO) and membrane distillation (MD) membranes. RO is the dominate technology for membrane desalination. However, it is difficult to treat high concentrated salt water due to the extremely high osmosis pressure. In a MD process, the driving force lies in the difference of the water vapor pressures between the membranes feed and permeate sides. Theoretically, high concentrated brine water can be easily treated as long as the low water vapor pressure in the permeate side can be maintained either by running a cooling water or applying a low pressure in the membrane permeate side. Read more>>>>>>